The Filipino Is Worth Dying free essay sample

A tumble of violet, blue, orange and green the blazing lights of the neon signs, the hazy colors of the disco scene. There I was, a typical colegiala out to enjoy the world, a part of the lets make tusok-tusok the fishballs syndrome. Youth with all its petty follies and foibles. Life was good sometimes. Other times, I found myself stopping to ask, Whats the use? But I didnt worry much about it. I mean, my life wasnt a total whirl it was Just a little out of focus. At least I was having fun. Other students in my school didnt seem to have any fun at all. They were always raging about the economic and political stability of the country. In a way, I pitied them. They were sacrificing so much of themselves in rallies and demonstrations for what? Things werent that bad here; other countries were in worse condition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Filipino Is Worth Dying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If some people were finding life difficult, it was Just too bad. That was the way the system worked and they simply had to adjust. Why other kids my age bothered about these peoples problems were beyond me. Did they expect to save the world? Some of them even called me unpatriotic. What right did they have to do that? Just because I wasnt willing to stand under the sun all day to listen to a bunch of has- beens (ex-government officials who were probably sore losers in the game of politics) didnt mean I didnt care for my country. Didnt I turn down my fathers offer to study in the States? After all, I had maids to order around, a driver to rely on, a ready source of funds. Why did I have to leave this country? Ang puso ko at buhay man Isa yoy ibibigay. Then a shot rang out, and there was red. Red that spilled forth from a bullet hole and tained the mans clothes, stained the hands of the men who touched him, and even stained those who dared to touch these men. The red continued to spread till it had stained us all. The red wouldnt come off; it remained a haunting reminder that we were all to blame. Yes, I blamed them, I blamed you, and I blamed myself for killing Sen. Benigno NinoY Aquino, Jr. that day: August 21, 1983. We had the real murder weapon within our midst, the weapon that was never exhibited before the Agrava Board, the weapon that killed countless faceless victims, the weapon that we carefully created and erfected our indifference. Yes, we saw the silent pleas in the eyes of the oppressed and heard their distant cries for help but we never looked, we never listened. It was this attitude of unconcern that slowly brought Ninoy to his death. It was like I was swimming in a sea of darkness, content to bathe in the comfort of my surroundings, when suddenly there was a force pulling me, rushing me out of my secure world into the cold blinding light. And on that day, to borrow a phrase from Butz Aquino, l was born again. Questioning: How could they let it happen? Who do they think they are? Are they resorting to cold blooded murder now? Do they think we will let them get away with it? What can I do? What? It was then that I hungered to know the truth about our country. I learned to read between the lines of newspaper articles and radio announcements. Deducing: Amendment 6 is a better alternative to martial law. It gives me power to make my own laws. l will not run in this years Batasan Pambansa elections because I want to be closer to the people. I will continue to hold key positions in the government. We cannot give permits to rallies because of the subversive infiltrators. We are afraid that more people are gaining the courage to express their grievances. When I saw a mother trying to protect her baby from the rain while waiting to get a glimpse of Ninoys body, when I heard the people belting out their frustrations and agony in one voice Ninoy! Ninoy! at his funeral, and when I felt the sense of camaraderie despite the heat and weary feet it was then that I knew where I belonged. When a true Filipino gave his heart, his life for love of country, it was then hat I knew the true meaning of patriotism. Tungkulin koy gagampanan/ Na lag kang paglinkuran After August 21 , the city had turned yellow. Yellow worn defiantly by grandchildren, grandparents, babies and dogs alike. Yellow hidden discreetly under formal business attire. Yellow flying proudly, tied to the radio antenna of a Mercedes Benz. Yellow soaked in perspiration, tied around the head of a Jeepney driver. And yellow splashed across alternative periodicals, testimonies to the emergence of a new period. Yes, it was a period of bold action and frenzied movements manifested through emonstrations, marches, noise barrages. But it was also a period of quiet contemplation and humble gestures in the form of prayer rallies, masses, nationalistic songs and yellow flowers. The means may have differed, but the goal was the same: the upliftment of the Filipino. 31, I was there, peering through the gates of St. Domingo church. When the number of people attending the funeral procession swelled to a phenomenal 2 million, I was there, extending my thumb and index finger, exchanging the Laban sign with squatter boys along Quirino Avenue. When the Makati group chose to put aside their burgs image and expressed their sentiments, I was there, yellow confetti streaming down my hair while applauding the Ninoy We Love You! banners sprawled across buildings. When a rally was held in Liwasang Bonifacio on Sept. 30 to commemorate the 40th day of Ninoys death, I was there, raising my arm with fist clenched ratifying my commitment to fght against further oppression. When ROAR (Run On for Aquino and Resignation) ran a series of runs for Ninoys birthday, I was there, Jogging in high spirits alongside the likes of Tingting CoJuangco and Kris Aquino. I was there in the students march to Malacanan on June 28, overcoming my fear and shouting with the others, Babalik kami! in the face of truncheons, facing riot policemen in Mendiola on July 6. Yes, I was there, alive in the knowledge that I was doing something, proud of the fact that I was forever to remain a part of our history. Ang laya moy babantayan/Pilipinas kong mahal! Now, dont get me wrong. Im not out to save the world. But if I can make it a better place to live in, whats to keep me from doing it? So I go on, doing what I can to help the country escape from its cocoon, like a butterfly spreading its wings and showing the rest of the world that the Philippines is truly beautiful within and without. I think thats the best thing that I, or anyone for that matter, can do. The rest I leave to God. Editors note: The author wrote this piece when she was 18 years old. She is now a teacher and mother of three, living in the U. S. This essay won first prize in the English category of the Benigno Aquino Jr. Foundation essay writing contest on the topic

Mexican Immigration essays

Mexican Immigration essays Since September11th our nations immigration awareness has heightened to a degree not seen since WWII. The citizens of America now look at every immigrant, whether legal or illegal like a suspect. Weve cracked down on the countries outside of the North American continent, but what about Mexico? In this paper, Ill take a look on my plan for Mexico. On how we can reduce the number of Mexicans coming into America, and increase their morale at the same time. Ive seen such articles as Bush Hopes to Mend Mexico Ties (USA Today, January 12th, 2004) or Employers praise Bushs guest workers plan (USA Today, January 8th, 2004) however I have yet to see anything actually being done. A plan is a plan, not an action. Make it an action. And if these so called plans have been put into motion, why not report it to the people. If the people of America believe immigrants coming up from Mexico in such large numbers are hurting us, why not inform the people that something is trying to be done about it. Which brings me to another item of debate, if we can go into Iraq and liberate their people, why cant we go into Mexico and help the people? The people of Mexico do not need a complete government renovation like Iraq did. They just need someone to bluntly tell them that this way isnt working. Just helping industries is not the answer. You have to help the actual people. Mexico has several natural resources such as petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, and timber. And doesnt the world need more of those resources? I believe we do. We should work with the Mexican government to come up with some plans and actions that we can take to put some life back into the people. Currently the Mexican government is working on boosting their economy, by welcoming privatized industries; however, progress is going extremely slow. If America were to invest s...

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included) Retail might not be the most glamorous career around- complete with aching feet and a perma-smile that hides your suspicion that the customer is not always right- but if you’ve ever been on those front lines, you know how essential your services are. We’re a society of consumers, and retail professionals are the ones who keep that cycle going. If you’re an experienced retail sales associate or someone just starting out, we’ve got you covered. We at TheJobNetwork have put together a guide accompanied by resume templates on creating the perfect retail resume. Let’s look at three different retail professionals: One entry level, one seeking seasonal retail employment, and an experienced sales associate looking to become a manager.1.Entry Level  Retail Sales Associate Resume2.Seasonal Retail Sales Resume3.Retail Sales Manager ResumeFirst up: Bella, who’s seeking her first job in the retail world.Download This Resume in MS WordBella opts for a fu nctional, or skills-based resume, because she doesn’t have a lot of retail-specific experience to showcase (yet). So she puts her best qualities and her skills up front, to underline her summary statement: that she’s looking to take the skills and work ethic she already has and turn that into a retail job/career. She also presents herself as a recent grad, which can let the reader know up front that she probably doesn’t have years and years of experience behind her. Bella prioritizes her strongest skills (her responsibility/dependability, her ability to work with the public, and her familiarity with handling transactions), then her awards/certifications (which emphasize her reliability and her professional successes), then her experience, and finally, her education.Bella’s experience is mostly in food service, and includes part-time jobs. She includes the part-time jobs because those helped develop skills she listed above, like customer service and an out going personality. Bella’s high school experience is important to note, because she has completed her diploma, but unless her school experience is directly relevant to the job she’s applying for (in this case it’s not), she wisely just lists the school and the diploma.Let’s look at Marty, who has more experience, but is seeking a seasonal retail position (back-to-school, holiday season, etc.) rather than a full-time gig.Download This Resume in MS WordMarty puts his cards on the table up front: he’s a student, he has retail experience, and he’s not looking to put a ring on it- he just wants to find a gig for the upcoming holiday season. He opens with a detailed summary, with a brief statement and then a handful of bullets outlining his deal. An important point in his bullets: that he’s available to work a variety of shifts, which is key for a store looking to hire someone to come in and get their hands dirty even when others are at hom e eating leftover turkey.Next, he lists his experience, to show that he’s a pro at the seasonal holiday game. He may have other jobs along the way, but he’s not looking for a career here- he focuses on the seasonal retail experience he already has, so that the reader doesn’t have to cut through a bunch of information that isn’t necessarily relevant to the immediate goal of hiring for a brief period.Our final retail resume-writer is Erica, who’s got a lot of retail associate experience behind her, but wants to jump up a level in the store management food chain.Download This Resume in MS WordErica’s resume shows an accomplished retail professional. But what she needs, if she wants to apply for higher-level retail jobs and not associate-level jobs, is to show that she has demonstrated leadership. Thus, the first skill she lists is rallying team members (check) to increase sales (check-plus) in her experience. The remainder of her skill bullets are used to show the breadth of her retail experience. This format, the skills-based resume, is helpful for someone like Erica, who wants to emphasize that she has what it takes to step into a bigger role, not just the kind of job she’s already had. Even though she’s not changing career paths, she’s trying to change up her career within that path, and this format can be useful when you want to show what you can be, in addition to what you’ve already done.Erica also provides as much detail as possible, without crowding her resume. The overall sales of her current store, with some concrete stats on how she’s helped increase sales, are very impressive, and don’t take up much space in the resume. Erica is letting results do the talking for her. An interview is a great chance to provide more context than resume bullets allow, but whenever you have specific numbers and information you can include, that will likely catch the attention of the reader and help get you into the next round. Erica also goes out of her way to include various awards, which show she’s been a superstar at her current job. Overall, the picture here is of someone who has been successful, and has the drive to keep going and improving sales.

Purchase profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purchase profile - Essay Example Initially, the internal emotional appeal of buying a nice sporty car was on his list. Especially when his friends talk about how this brand performed and how handsome a particular brand looks. But as he spent more time pondering, the emotional appeal loses its weight and his focus is now turned to logical appeals. He begun browsing the internet for the specification of the cars, its performance, fuel consumption, etch related to cost. The recent increase in gasoline pump prices also made him think about his options seriously. During the process of logical consideration, external influences played in. He realized that it is not practical to have a sports car and concluded he needs a larger car that could fit the whole family for car pooling, outing etch. This is the Household Life Cycle factor at play where consumer’s choices reflect what particular life stage the consumer is. In the case of my father, he is a family man and that segment usually prefers big cars, houses etch. His motivation of buying a new car was practical. It will save him the inconvenience and cost of going to the repair shop which became more frequent. He also realized that he incurs opportunity cost every time he sends the car for repair. Culture and values also came into factor in deciding to buy a new car. Private vehicles are a necessity and public commuting is not in vogue in America. It could be attributed to impracticality also because there a lot of areas in the US which are not accessible by public transport. Emotional appeals in advertisements may hold sway in my dad’s decision making process but ultimately, it will be the logical appeal that will prevail because of his stage in the household life cycle where he is a family man, who needs a larger car that performs well and does not cost that much to purchase and maintain. Finally, the strongest influence in my dad’s decision making process of what particular car and brand to

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example HRM Defined The concept of Human resource management, generally shortened to HRM or HR, pertains to managing the workforce in an organization. The HRM approach is accountable for attracting, selecting, training, assessing, and rewarding of employees, and supervising the culture and leadership of the business organization as well as guaranteeing adherence to the labor and employee laws at the same time. The practical definition of the term HRM has been provided by various business experts, practitioners and researchers, and one of it examines that human resource management â€Å"represents that part of an organisation’s activities which is concerned with the recruitment, development and management of its employees† (Wall and Wood, 2005, p. 430). Thus, we can assume from these descriptions that, the term is in wide use in the business organizations for the representation of the selection, recruitment, training and appraising practices. The practices of HRM, in theory, mig ht feel like an abstraction. However, in practice, the department is considered as one of the most significant and vital parts of the business organization. According to the researchers and management experts, HRM is a department which assists the business in the process of value creation with the help of a workforce which is managed in strategically. The function of HRM was initially made practical through the performance of transactional work which included the administration of benefits and payroll. However later, with the advent of technological advancement, globalization, further research, and company consolidation, the human resources now centre their focus on taking up the strategic initiatives such as industrial and labor relations, diversity and inclusion, acquisitions, mergers, succession planning, and talent management. History and Development The concept of HRM initially begun with the human relations movement that occurred in the earlier part of 20th century. The major reason for the happening of this movement was the introductions of lean manufacturing in the industry by Frederick Taylor. The widely known Taylorism, at that time, had coined the term "scientific management" which was founded upon struggling to enhance the economic efficiency in manufacturing sector of occupations. Taylor, ultimately initiated one of the various primary inputs, labor, which was utilized by all the business in running their manufacturing processes. This element sparked the researches and investigations into the concept of workforce productivity (Merkle, Judith, 1990). By the next few years, there existed sufficient theoretical evidences in order to enable the organizations undertake to change the landscape of businesses, and adopt HRM functions in the public policy in order to change the employer-employee relationship within the organizational framework. This subject was, then, made official with the term "industrial and labor relations". With the passage of time, t he evolution of the discipline of Human Resource Management continued and kept growing. In the second half of the 20th century, the memberships of unions in the organizations declined sharply, and in the meantime, the workforce management kept expanding on a continuous basis in order to influence its role in the business organizations and their activities. This was the time period when the term "Industrial and labor relations" started being utilized with specific reference to the

Short Starbucks Case Summary Essay Example for Free

Short Starbucks Case Summary Essay The Starbucks case is about the times when Starbucks did well and when it went poorly. It begins when Howard Schultz buys the company and put his plan in action. Schultz had a vision to make a chain of coffee shops and that would become the Americans â€Å"third place†. This â€Å"third place† would be a place where you could go and small talk with people and enjoy a cup of coffee, or perhaps be by yourself and drink your coffee. It was supposed to be a place between home and work. Schultz idea proved to be a good one and he could proceed to open up several coffeehouses across America. This would later be seen as a mistake. As Starbucks grew in recognition, Schultz expanded the business fast. The people at Starbucks had an ideal to follow; customer satisfaction. As the business grew, people would lose faith in Starbucks nice atmosphere and only see the company as a money making machine. Why was that? The ideal they followed was for the customer to be satisfied, to be met by a nice clerk and get the coffee fast. What the higher ups in the company first thought was that if they increased the hours of labor a week it would bring more time to small talk with customers and give them their coffee even faster. But they soon realized that the problem was in the marketing department. Starbucks had three sections that concerned marketing; the market research group, the category group and the marketing group. Starbucks lacked a strategic group that focused on the big picture. They also needed a chief marketing officer that could make decisions. This meant that the entire decision making process had to be done by all of Starbucks senior executives. All the data that was collected was for nothing if no one looked at it and saw what was wrong. However, now they knew what the problem was. At first Starbucks primary customers were people with education, mostly women between ages 24 and 44. They were still there but the new customers were less educated and had lower income bracket. These were the persons that only saw Starbucks as a money making machine. So now Day, Starbucks senior vice president of administration proposed that an investment of 40 million dollars per year to add additional 20 hours of labor a week. It met a lot of resistance in the company but Day said to look at it as a customer-oriented investment rather than seeing labor as an expense. This meant that Starbucks, a company with the policy to have as high customer satisfaction as possible rather than as much profit as possible were neglecting the customer. They were still using their original idea but now on the wrong customers.

Death in Young Gal’s Blues, One Day I Wrote Her Name, and Song on The E

Death in Young Gal’s Blues, One Day I Wrote Her Name, and Song on The End of the World Death is inevitable. It can inspire, it can cause sadness, and it can cause grief. The poets Langston Hughes, Edmund Spenser and Czelsaw Milosz are able to describe death so beautifully that the reader is consumed by each poem and almost forgets the dark nature of each poem, which is death. The poems by these three poets explore different aspects of death and how it makes one feel. Hughes’ â€Å"Young Gal’s Blues† (910) is about a young girl contemplating death, and the fact that she would rather die young than grow old, therefore, the idea of death is explored from the perspective of a young girl. This concept may seem odd, but the way it is presented makes the reader feel at peace with the thought. Spenser’s poem, â€Å"One Day I Wrote Her Name Upon the Strand† (985), depicts the way a man feels after losing his loved one and the fact that his love for her is still strong even after her death. In Milosz’s poem, â€Å"A Song on The End of the World† (1124-1125), he discusses the end of the world. This concept is also about death, except it deals with the demise of all things through the end of the world. Although all of the poems explore the idea of death, it is easy to see that the three poets come from different cultural backgrounds which make the poems unique and effective in their ability to convey their perspectives and their individual motives for writing each piece of poetry. First, in Hughes’ poem, â€Å"Young Gal’s Blues,† he strikes out on a note that immediately makes the reader think about death, â€Å"I’m gonna walk to the graveyard,† (line 1). This beginning for the poem lets the reader know the subject matter, death. Hughes’ poem is ... ...th or the ending of the world in a peaceful manner. Since all of the writers are from different periods of time and from different cultures, their poetic styles and points of view on death vary. Although all the poems touch on aspects of death that many people should contemplate, and easily relate to, they are unique, which makes them all more striking, because they are all about a similar subject, yet they all have different perspectives. Works Cited Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Young Gal’s Blues.† Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 910. Milosz, Czeslaw. â€Å"A Song on the End of the World.† Literature. 5th ed. .Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 1124-1125. Spenser, Edmund. â€Å"One Day I Wrote Her Name Upon the Strand.† Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 985. Bohr 1

The Baby Boom

The Baby Boom was one of the most important events in Canadian history and continues to Impact how we live our lives today. After World War 2 ended, between the years of 1945 and 1 965, there was a huge increase in population known as the Baby Boom. The Baby Boom occurred because soldiers came home from war with a victory and were flnally ready to start a family with their wives or girlfriends In a time when there was a good economy. In 1959, 20 percent of all women who were in their twenties had babies and the average family had three to four children (1 ).Around 1961, births per 1000 women aged 15-49 hit almost 4,000 (5). In total, more than 8. 2 babies had been born during the baby boom in Canada (2). These statistics give you an indication about how densely and quickly the population increased and how this bulge in the population could not be Ignored through the years, Many events In history have helped shape Canada into the country it is today, but nothing has made such an impac t on how we have lived, live now, and will continue to live as much as the baby boom has.The Baby Boom created an overwhelming demand for homes ecause of expanding families needing more room for their newborn children, this demand led to something called â€Å"Suburbia†. More than 1. 1 million housing units were bullt In the 1950's (3) to adjust to all of the new families who needed homes – this began the first decade of â€Å"urban sprawl†. There would also be a big huge demand for nurses, school teachers, doctors and such to take care of the huge amount of new kids born as a result of the Baby Boom.CanadaS economy had gone from making Bren Machine Guns Just a few years earlier for the war to making baby arriages, baby clothes, new cars, and bunk beds for all the new children that had lust recently entered Into the world. A few years later. during the 1950S, when the â€Å"baby boomers† started to become teenagers, society had to adjust accordingly as we ll. Many communities began to build new arenas, recreational facilities, organizations, and â€Å"teenager hangouts† in order to make up for the huge amount of adolescents roaming their society. In the same time period the baby boomers also began to greatly influence music culture and such.Teenagers tended to listen to the ig rock and roll stars at the time, Including Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Ottawa's very own Paul Anka (4). Marketers began to realize that the more they used these songs, the more money they would make. That being said, the baby boomers virtually catered to not only the music Industry, but things such as film and books as well. The baby boomers were controlling the way the 50's and 60's would later be viewed and talked about in the future. The Baby Boomers are affecting todays communities. The average baby boomer would be around 65 years old this year.Today, they don't ecessarily rule the media world, but they do have a huge impact on Job openings for yo ung people. The baby boomers are occupying all of the big Jobs of today, making it harder for younger people to find Jobs that pay well to support their families. Luckily for teenagers of today, soon the baby boomers will be retiring all at once, leaving a huge amount of Job openings in their path. Once the baby boomers retire and Decome seniors, tne taxes may De Torcea to Increase In order to cater to tne needs 0T the huge amount of elderly and their requirements, such as government pensions, nd Medicare.There might also be smaller changes that the average person wouldn't notice, such as the demand for soccer fields and hockey arenas may decrease and golf courses could become more popular. If the Baby Boom from 1945- 1965 didn't happen, the world today, leading up to today, and even the future, would be very different from the way we live now. When the baby boomers were originally born, they required a huge amount of new housing and supplies, as well as causing a vast increase in p opulation in a very short period of time.When the baby boomers grew up to be teenagers, they virtually controlled the media scene and also required a lot of new buildings and things to be built. Even now, when they are almost seniors in our society, they control a lot of things, one of the bigger things being employment. The Baby Boom happened around 55 years ago, and it still is showing impact on Canada's development today. There are many other events in Canada's history that contributed to Canada's development but nothing continues to have as much of a significant impact as the Baby Boom does.

Resolving Conflicts With People Essay

Abstract Conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. There are situations where different people with different goals and needs have come into conflict. And if the conflicts are not resolved they can be intense personal animosity between individuals involved. There are bound to be differences, arguments and conflicts in the work place and conflict resolution is an essential skill that a person should have. This is a skill that is thought or acquired through experience and learning from others. Resolving Conflicts Over the years I have been involved in situations where there were arguments, differences in opinion which all usually resulted in a conflict of some sort. I think conflicts also have magnitudes and the scale of a conflict and how important the situation is to the job can also dictate how and when it is resolved. In this paper I will describe one of the situations where I was involved in a conflict, what transpired and how it was resolved. A couple years ago I found myself in a situation at work where I was not happy with one of my colleagues. I was about to go on a month log vacation and after a conversation with my manager he designated a colleague as my back up and suggested I updated them on things I was working on and what they needed to do to keep the work progressing while I was gone. Basically my job is to support airlines by responding to questions and issues that they have about the Airplanes that by company sells to them. This was a very critical part of what the company did and was part of supporting customers to keep them happy and potentially buy from us again in the future. So I scheduled a meeting with my colleague and we talked about all the projects I was working on, the status of the projects, what needed to be done to complete the project and how to support the new incoming projects. I told him about the issues I was having with some airlines, the point of contacts and how to best reach them to resolve the issues. There was a specific client that had a very urgent issue that needed to be resolved and I relayed to my colleague the status and told my colleague the deadline for the inquiry was near and he needed to close out the case before moving on to anything else. When I got back from vacation about a month later, I realized that a lot of the cases I was working on were still open and even worse the deadlines had passed and the customers had not gotten the responses they needed to keep opera ting the planes. When I asked my colleague about the situation he explained to me that he was very busy and was not able to spend a lot of time working on the issues that I had left him to take care of in my absence. My initial perception was that my colleague was irresponsible and unreliable. I was very frustrated and angry because a lot of customers were disappointed and unhappy because of the lack of response from my company. This burden fell on me because everyone knew it was my responsibility to respond to the customers and I was blamed for the dissatisfaction on the part of the customers. From my colleagues’ point of view, the manager asked him to step in a back fill for me while I was out, he was told to still work on things that he needed to do and also back fill for me at the same time. The manager had told him that I was going on vacation and he would need him to keep any eye on the things I was working on but still make sure he worked on his projects. My colleague decided to prioritize himself and chose to do most of his work rather than prioritize to see if any of my cases were urgent and respond in a timely manner. Ultimately his perception was that he just had to do a little bit to get my work moving along but was not responsible for making sure that all my work was completed in time. I asked my coworker why he had not helped the customers and he explained to me that he was overworked and did not have enough time to get the job done. I decided to confront my coworker because it bothered me and I thought it was better to air the grievances in the open than to let them fester. I was very upset and told him I thought he could have done a better job and I felt his job ethic was pretty bad because this was work he was supposed to have done. There was a bit of an argument and some harsh words were exchanged. The argument centered around me thinking he should have done more to make sure my work load was progressing while I was gone, a nd his main response that he could not manage my work load and his at the same time and be as productive as I expected him to have been. We were able to resolve the conflict before it escalated without, having any long term grudges against each other. Some of the reasons the conflict was resolved was because we spoke calmly to one another and tried not to be aggressive. I have learnt that listening to the other person’s point of view helps to understand their position and see things the way they had understood it. The main reason for the conflict was miscommunication on the managers part. The manager told my coworker to do what he could to help out when he could when I was gone, by what I thought my manager told me was that my coworker would be taking over for me while I was gone. So I had different expectations for what I thought my coworker was going to help me with. We both spoke to our manager about what had transpired and how the miscommunication had affected the current workload, he understood our individual points, apologized to both of us and neither of us was blamed or held responsible for the late responses to the customers. The main reason why we were able to resolve the conflict and have the desirable outcome, is the reality is that it can take time to reach a win-win solution, and we did not want to spend hours trying to decide who was wrong or right. There was increased understanding, increased cohesion and improved self knowledge between us which made resolving the conflict much easier than if we had not agreed resolving the conflict without placing blame was our priority. Communication and the willingness to listen is very important in resolving a conflict, however, if the conflict was not handled effectively, the result could have been damaging to the cohesion of the team and perception that we had of each other. Talent is wasted as people disengage or are dissatisfied with situations in the work place and it’s easy to end up in a vicious downward spiral of negativity and recrimination. There was no better solution to how this conflict was resolved, but one thing that could have been done d ifferently was to increase communication with the manager and involved the manager when my coworker and I had the meeting. This way the manager would have been able to set expectation for each of us and cleared up any competition. But because we both received instructions separately we both interpreted differently and that cause confusion. The trust level between my coworker and I actually increased after this incedent, because after communicating with him more I got to know him on a more personal level and understood that he had a very good work ethic and was only doing what he was instructed to do. What could have helped come to a better outcome is sending emails to the customers letting them know I was out of town and that even though somebody was standing in for me while I was gone I would do my best to follow up with anyone who had not received help by the time I got back from vacation. I would also have sent an email to the manager detailing my interpretation of his instructions and reiterating his expectations from my point of view. Last thing I could have done different is to document the transition plan of things that my coworker needed to do and sent it to my coworker and manager to make sure that everyone was on the same page. References Arnold Anderson. (nd).Workplace Examples Of Workplace Negotiation. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/workplace-examples-conflict.negotiation-11402.html Naomi Drew. (nd).Six Steps For Resolving Conflict Retrieved from http://www.learningpeace.com/pages/LP_04.htm

Extended Project Dissertation Regenerative Medicine Essays

Extended Project Dissertation Regenerative Medicine Essays Extended Project Dissertation Regenerative Medicine Essay Extended Project Dissertation Regenerative Medicine Essay Essay Topic: Extended With the continued research going on into this new, potential way of curing many diseases that 20 years go we would never have thought could have been cured, can it do the same for the neurological condition, multiple sclerosis? And how effective is it in doing so? Many reports have come out of stem cells being effective in mice to cure the disease but with the many controversial points that come with the use of stem cells would alternative, existing methods be a better way of treating it? Are the instrumentation drugs of today more effective in treating the condition and are they a more realistic thing to be using? Also is it actually a good thing if we are finding new cures to all of these diseases? With he worlds population rapidly rising and resources running out to feed everybody and supply them all with energy, would it be better if we continued as we are and stopped playing God? These are the issues that will be discussing in this essay. Introduction and Research What is multiple sclerosis? An abnormal condition of a part, organ, or system of an organism resulting FRR mom various causes, such as infection, inflammation,environmental factors, or genetic defect, and characterized by an identifiable group of signs, symptoms, or both. Is the definition of a disease in an online free dictionary[l] and they effect peoples lives in in many ways, nearly all of them being bad and detrimental to both society, families and the world. They can be passed on by direct transf er of bacteria, viruses and other germs. However they can be passed on by sex, either in the form of sexually transmitted diseases or by genetically passing down to offspring during fertilization. A disease that is linked to being both hereditary and environmental is the unrepresentative disease, Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the nervous system of the body, specifically in the brain and spinal cord Every river cell in the body is surrounded by a protective layer known as the myelin sheath which enables electrical impulses that travel around the body to reach their destination hundreds of times quicker than it would without one. If a person has Multiple Scleroses, MS, then this myelin is broken down partly and therefore messages are not sent to the brain or spinal cord as efficiently. This results in a sufferer or MS to experience potential symptoms such as: loss of vision, in one eye usually, uncontrollable muscle spasms and muscle stiffness, difficulties in balance and co-ordination and people find they often suffer room tiredness and fatigue. There are two main types of Multiple sclerosis that sufferers get. The first, relapsing remitting MS, occurs in approximately eight out of ten people that are diagnosed with MS are diagnosed with this form. Somebody with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis will have periods without suffering any of the symptoms usually associated with the disease, then they will suffer periods where the symptoms are severe and the patient may become partially blind or be unable to move. However, this period will pass and the sufferer will go back to almost normal again without showing any signs or having the disease. This period may last weeks, months or even years and this is why diagnosing this type of MS is so hard to do because of how irregular it is it can be mistaken for a number of temporary conditions and people dont report when they experience symptoms because they have had them before and was k. After 15 years of so, about half of people that have got relapsing remitting MS will go on to develop secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This is much like the first form and people may still experience relapses but the symptoms will worsen over time and they may not fully recover from their relapse. Primary progressive MS is the least common type of sclerosis. This is where there are no periods of remission and symptoms just worsen over time with no break periods. Treatments for multiple sclerosis: Currently there is no cure for Multiple sclerosis but there are a number of treatments that can help Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis can be treated with drugs called disease modifying drugs, these are not a cure for the disease but instead can reduce the severity of the symptoms in a sufferer and can reduce the number of relapses they have. However they are not suitable for all sufferers of Multiple Sclerosis. There are currently 10 licensed Dams (disease modifying drugs) [3] these are: Bugaboo (trinitrotoluene) oral tablet taken once a day. Available if patient has had at least two relapses in the past two years. Avenue (interferon beta-I a) -? Injection available if patient has had two relapses in the past two years. Beefeater (interferon beta-I b) available if patient has had two relapses in the past years, it is injected. Capstone (glitterati acetate) -? another injection available after two relapses in the same period of time. Octavia (beta interferon-I b) injection if patient has has 2 relapses in 2 years. Galilean (fondling) -? available if patient is still experiences despite treatment with one of the beta interferon. It is an oral tablet taken once a day. Elementary (lumberman) available for treating the active relapsing remitting form of multiple sclerosis. It is given to patient via a drip once a year. Pleurisy (vociferation beta la) injection for people living in Scotland for sufferers that have had 2 relapses in 2 years. Rebuff (beta interferon- 1 a) another injection available for patients suffering 2 relapses in the past 2 years. Deciders (timidity fumigate) used to treat active elapsing remitting MS. Approved by the NASH and became available in autumn 2014. It is a oral tablet that should be taken twice a day. Disability (nutritional) available if you have had 2 relapses in one year or if severity of relapses has increased once another DIM has been taken, given by drip monthly. There are also a wide range of other treatments available to treat multiple sclerosis. Physiotherapy can be used to make day to day living with MS more bearable and steroids can be given to patients to speed up recovery times from relapses. Causes of Multiple Sclerosis: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition. This means that the bodys defense against harmful diseases (the immune system) is affected in some way and that causes the immune system to change from attacking foreign viruses to attacking healthy body tissue- in multiple sclerosis this is the healthy Myelin that surrounds nerve cells in the body. The myelin is broken down by the bodys own immune system, nervous impulses are less efficient in traveling to the bodys Central Nervous System. As a result of this, in the places where the myelin on the myelin sheath has been thinned or destroyed, a hard region or scar is left in its place, often referred to as a sclerosis. Where there is multiple Of these hardened scars on different places On the brain or spinal cord is where the autoimmune disease gets its name from- Multiple Sclerosis. The causes of Multiple sclerosis are currently unknown; however scientists believe the main causes of the disease are a combination of genetic and environmental factors and are putting the pieces of this complicated puzzle together [4]. Genetic factors- genes are pieces of genetic information that code for the production of proteins, molecules that are essential for many of the bodies vital functions. Occasionally come genes may be faulty ND produce defective proteins. This is the cause of many of the diseases we see today however this isnt what is believed to occur in multiple sclerosis. It is thought that individuals that are affected by MS have slight variations, called polymorphism, which are healthy genes that fit badly when combined together in DNA and thus cause healthy cells around it to be altered, especially cells involved in the bodys immune system. This bad combination of genes is then passed down through the generations by normal mechanism of inheritance and therefore there is a strong link of multiple sclerosis being hared within families. There are a few genes that have been identified to make people more likely to get MS, in particular the HAL (also known as major historiographys complex, as containing the most MS susceptible gene. These proteins are found on the surface of all body cells. They act as a messenger to the immune system telling the body whether a cell is foreign or part of the body and whether it should be attacked or not. These proteins are usually healthy and therefore there must be another reason for them being altered to become defective. Scientists believe this is down to environmental actors. One theory is that a virus that is usually lying dormant in the body may disturb the immune system and therefore cause the disease to develop. There is probably on one MS virus but actually a combination of a common virus such as measles that acts as a trigger for MS. This trigger activates white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the bloodstream, which enter the brain by making the brains defense mechanisms (I. . The blood/brain barrier) vulnerable. Once inside the brain, these cells activate other elements of the immune system in such a way that they attack and destroy myelin. It is also Hough that vitamin D, the vitamin we get from sunlight, is linked to the disease. There has been a correlation between people that receive low levels of vitamin D have a higher chance of developing MS. A number of studies have i ndicated that smoking is also linked to the development of Multiple Sclerosis. It is not clear why this happens however it has been theorized that chemicals in cigarettes may have some sort of effect on the immune system and may alter it. Smoking effect on the progression of multiple sclerosis is also being investigated as it could be the fact that smoking leads to the regression of the disease being quicker and it may cause relapses to be more often and more severe. It is estimated that around 100,000 people in the UK are suffering with Multiple sclerosis at this present time, with 2. Million Cases Of MS in the world. Every week in the United States there are 200 people diagnosed with MS so this is a disease that has worldwide influence and is a major problem worldwide however it is incurable, this needs to change. Although the disease is not fatal in itself, some complications that can arise from severe MS, such as pneumonia, can be. This means that in order to reduce the numbers of people and families offering with this terrible disease we as a race need to find a new way of treating it. This might be achieved through regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine: Regenerative medicine is the process by which scientists are able to restore normal bodily functions by repairing or replacing damaged or malfunctioning cells and tissues in cells[5] and although it is in its early stages of development, it is bringing huge advances in the field of medicine as it could provide the cure for many different diseases such as Multiple sclerosis, dementia, strokes, heart disease and many types of cancer. For example, the guardian reported a recent trial on 18 people suffering with two different types of muscular degeneration, the leading causes of blindness in adults and children in the world, Stardusts muscular dystrophy and dry atrophic age- related muscular degeneration[6]. The patients had embryonic stem cell therapy on their eyes and were cured of sight loss without any side effects. Whatever sources of potential bias the guardian may have, being a politically left leaning newspaper, the point still remains, stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has and will continue to provide a big source of hope n the fight against many different deadly diseases. Regenerative medicine mainly comes in the form Of stem cell treatment, allowing scientists to use undifferentiated cells and turn them into any cell in the body to serve any function. This is a huge breakthrough in science and medicine as it enables anything to be made, it solves the problem of organ storage or a lack of organ donors, as hearts and lungs can just be grown in a lab and transplanted into the patient that requires them. Stem cell Research: In the early 1 sass, European researchers discovered that various types of load cells all came from a particular stem cells, however it was not until 1 963 that the particular type of self-renewing cells was first described in mice bone marrow cells by Canadian researchers Ernest A McCullough and James E Till [7]. Since that time there has been continued efforts to grow and differentiate adult animal and human stem cells in a lab. This was made a lot easier in the 1 sass and sass where there was an introduction of techniques for targeting and altering genetic material and methods for growing human cells in the laboratory. These advances really opened the doors for human tem cell research. The breakthrough came in 1998 when James Thompson, from the university of Wisconsin in Madison, successfully removed embryonic cells from a fertility clinic and cultivated them in a lab, this launched stem cell research into the limelight. Since then there has been plenty of further research that suggests that these embryonic stem cells can specialist into any cell in the human body which, if mastered, could open up a whole new world of new medicine that could change millions of peoples lives. As stem cells were only brought into the public attention in 1 998, the technology is still elatedly new and still in its youth. There have been no clinical trials of stem cell treatments as of yet however; adult stem cells are already being used in treatments for over one hundred conditions including leukemia, Hunters syndrome and heart disease. So stem cells are the answer to all of humanities works yes? Unfortunately that is not that case as this new technology does not come with many controversial parts with many people opposing to this potentially lifesaving new technology, the main point of controversy is the use Of embryonic stem cells and the ethical considerations behind that. In this document I will be discussing the main treatments of multiple sclerosis and relating it back to the question of is Regenerative Medicine the most effective way of treating Multiple Sclerosis? O I will evaluating whether other methods of treating multiple sclerosis is more effective than stem cell research then I will be coming to a conclusion at the end of the essay. Discussion Effectiveness of Stem Cell Treatment: The first issue to talk about is whether stem cells are an effective method of treating any disease and then to focus down on the specific disease we are looking at. There is no doubt that the discovery of these undifferentia ted, unspecified cells is a hugely promising unearthing, however are they a truly effective way of treatment? Do they actually do all the things that scientists promise they can do? And are they sustainable? Firstly, lets look at the plus sides of stem cells, what they can do that is beneficial to the body and what they can do to aid the recovery of a disease or illness. Diseases such as cancer or conditions such as birth defects are thought to occur because of problems in the differentiation process, an understanding of the development that appends in normal cells and stem cells will help scientists treat the developmental errors that can occur. This will help in two fields because we will know more about the development of cancers and birth defects as well as discovering more about how stem cells differentiate (to make or become different in the process of growth or development), and this will help us be able to use stem cells more effectively in turn at treating these problems, working in a positive feedback model. The next advantage of stem cells, according to website explore stem cells is that there is another potential application of cell based therapies [8]. This is when stem cells are used to grow specific cells and then are bound together using a mould to create a completely new organ or tissue. This is a huge advantage to stem cells as currently when a patient needs to new organ they get one transplanted from an organ donor. At this current time there is nowhere near the required amount of organ donors to supply the needs of people needing an organ transplant and with this new regenerative technique instead of waiting for a new organ to be donated, a new organ can be grown from scratch to fit into your body. This will dramatically reduce the amount of people dying whilst being on the waiting lists for an organ transplant. Stem cells can benefit those suffering from Parkinson disease, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, burn victims and people with cardiovascular diseases (the biggest killing disease in the UK- BBC) using this method of treatment. Stem cells also have the potential to reverse the effects of diseases. Stem cells are directed into differentiating into specific cell types, they can be fed into the body, providing a renewable resource of replacement cells for the patient. For example, people with heart ease can have stem cells differentiated into heart muscle cells to replace cells damaged by the disease, in Parkinson disease damaged brain cells can be reversed by replacing them with new healthy brain cells, reversing the effect of the disease. An even more exciting prospect is to address genetic defects that are present from birth by restoring function and health with the introduction of normal healthy cells that do not have these defects. Burn victims will, instead of suffering large amounts of pain from their injuries and instead of having to wait for donor tissues, they can have new healthy skin ells implanted onto the patient. Scientists are hoping to do this by growing skin cells in a lab from a very small piece of skin by triggering stem cells to differentiate outside the body so that large burn areas can be covered by a relatively small amount of initial skin cells. The final major benefit to stem cells research is that is provides a huge role in the pharmaceutical industry and is involved heavily in drug development. Any new drugs that are being tested for human consumption can be tested on human stem cells before they are released for their safety. This could be the case with a new anti- amour drug for example, and if the conditions that the drugs are tested in are in the correct conditions then the results could end up being very accurate and the drugs could be shown to be safe for human use and will help to treat people with life threatening diseases. The advantages of stem cells are well documented and for people with serious conditions could be a source Of major hope that one day they could be the cure for them. O it would seem as though stem cells are completely fine, effective and the answer to all of our prayers. This is not the case however, stem cell therapy is till a very controversial topic, and this is nearly all down the disadvantages that come about with stem cells. Firstly it is where stem cells are collected from. Many stem cells are collected from embryos to form embryonic stem cells; these are a very good type of stem cell to use as embryos are full of unspecified cells as eventually these will turn into a new baby human being. However, if embryonic stem cells are used then effectively there is no chance that the embryo will develop into a new-born and an abortion will take place. For many people this raises the argument of at what point does an embryo come a human and therefore has the same rights as every other person? If that point comes about at fertilization or during the embryonic stage then what occurs to extract stem cells out of these early life forms is effectively murder and therefore should not happen. Embryos are not the only place stem cells can be extracted from however, umbilical cords that are disposed of and bone marrow can be a plentiful source also however according to one source found[9], religious groups Religious groups claim that because embryonic stem cell research requires the subsequent destruction of the embryos used, it is a form of abortion. They sustain that creating embryos for the sole purpose of commercial use, followed by their disposal is morally unacceptable, and strongly oppose the area of study while adult and cord stem cells are readily available instead. Perhaps the biggest risk with this new area of research is the unknown. The introduction of stem cells into the body is permanent and this means there may be some long term side effects that we do not know about at the moment that might become clearer later along in the process. These are bad because we would not be able to reverse the effects of these side effects, A French study ten years ago found that spiniest of genetically altered bone marrow transplants developed leukemia years after their allegedly successful transplants had cured their severe combined immunodeficiency. Some research on rats in California found a way of successfully curing paralysis, however some small cysts appeared in the area near where the stem cells were injected. However harmless these were to rats, the effect of this to humans is still questionable. Other side effects that could be because of stem cell research include growth of strange objects such as teeth bones and hair on unusual areas, if this was done using embryonic stem cells these continue to grow wrought the patients life. Around 20% of rats injected with embryonic stem cells later die of some kind of cancerous tumor. This could be completely by chance but this high statistic is enough for large groups of people to doubt whether regenerative medicine is the right way to go in medicine. Another major cause for concern in stem cells is that in some cases it is known for differentiated stem cells to be rejected by the host body. A report published in nature in 2011 showed that when a specific type Of stem cell, induced plenteous stem cells (epics), used to treat diseases, found hat epics could face rejection by the immune system, even when injected into the same person who donated the cells. This immune response could destroy the transplants, rendering them ineffective as treatments. Although a different report published in 201 3 by Nature seemed to show that these epics were effective in being transferred in genetically identical mice and not triggering a strong immune response. This contrasting information shows just how unpredictable stem cell research is and that it may not be the best way to treat diseases. In conclusion then think that on balance using generative methods in treating diseases in general are a very effective way Of doing things however it is not a completely safe and iris free process as in my opinion still think that for it to be the best method stem cell therapy can be it still needs more research on the long term effects of the process, but from early indications it is looking promising barring a few studies. However what about in our specific disease? How does a using stem cell therapy affect the multiple sclerosis disease? Is it as effective at treating it as the other conditions already mentioned? At present there are no treatments that pacifically target the abnormal immune responses in MS. Current approaches, such as interferon, capstone, or immune suppressants all act in a non-specific manner blocking immune responses against the myelin sheath. While these approaches are useful for reducing the severity of disease, they do not repair the damage to nervous system tissue that has already occurred and therefore they cannot cure multiple sclerosis. However stem cells provide a different way Of treating the disease. Instead Of protecting the myelin sheath they allow it to be destroyed however it is replaced by stem cells that re externally differentiated in a lab before injected into the spinal cord or in the blood stream ready to be transferred to the brain. It is either this repair method used or, according to the MS society website, the nerve cell can be prevented from being damaged. This is called imperfection and is an active area of research involving adult stem cells from the bone marrow called mechanical stem cells. These stem cells are taken from human umbilical cords [1 1] that are donated after normal healthy births so this avoids the debate over the controversial topic of where the stem cells are oaken from. These stem cells are then screened for infectious diseases, with only about 1 in 10 umbilical cords passing screening tests. The advantages of this treatment are that anybody can be treated using these stem cells as they do not need to be matched with their genome, the stem cells are easily extracted and there is a large supply of them, and these HI-?CIT mechanical stem cells are a lot more robust then other types leading to a higher success rate. So that type of stem cell treatment by the stem cell institute seems relatively effective in terms of protecting the myelin sheath from the autoimmune response brought about by MS. However this is not the only study I found that seems to show that Multiple sclerosis can be cured by regenerative medicine. Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSR) have identified a set of compounds that may be used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) in a new way. Unlike existing MS therapies that suppress the immune system, the compounds boost a population of progenitor cells that can in turn repair MS-damaged nerve fibers. [1 2]. In this report, it is shown that a previous drug penetration, that was used to treat Parkinson disease, as been shown to increase numbers of electioneered (cells that make the myelin sheath and wrap it around the nerve fiber) in the nerve sharply, and thus increasing the amount of myelin produced. To do this scientists screen over 1 0,000 diverse compounds to see if any could potentially cause OPS cells to differentiate, and the already tested drug penetration seemed to do that already. However, not all studies show this trend however, a journal on PLOPS one[1 3] shows that a new type of stem cell, neural stem cells (NCSC), does not have a major influence on the clinical course of room-induced EYE. Improving the efficiency at which NCSC home to inflammatory sites may enhance their therapeutic potential in this model of CONS autoimmunity Meaning that the new type of stem cell does not have any effect on the number of electioneered cells being produced to repair the myelin sheath, and thus showing that regenerative medicine isnt always effective.

Mental Lexicon Definition and Examples in English

Mental Lexicon Definition and Examples in English In psycholinguistics, a persons internalized knowledge of the properties of words. Also known as a mental dictionary. There are various definitions of mental lexicon. In their book The Mental Lexicon: Core Perspectives (2008), Gonia Jarema and Gary Libben attempt this definition: The mental lexicon is the cognitive system that constitutes the capacity for conscious and unconscious lexical activity. The term mental lexicon was introduced by R.C. Oldfield in the article Things, Words and the Brain (Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, v. 18, 1966). Examples and Observations The fact that a speaker can mentally find the word that he/she wants in less than 200 milliseconds, and in certain cases, even before it is heard, is proof that the mental lexicon is ordered in such a way as to facilitate access and retrieval.(Pamela B. Faber and Ricardo Mairal Usà ³n, Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs. Walter de Gruyter, 1999)The Dictionary Metaphor- What is this mental dictionary, or lexicon, like? We can conceive of it as similar to a printed dictionary, that is, as consisting of pairings of meanings with sound representations. A printed dictionary has listed at each entry a pronunciation of the word and its definition in terms of other words. In a similar fashion, the mental lexicon must represent at least some aspects of the meaning of the word, although surely not in the same way as does a printed dictionary; likewise, it must include information about the pronunciation of the word although, again, probably not in the same form as an ordinary dictionary. (D. Fay and A. Cutler, Malapropisms and the Structure of the Mental Lexicon. Linguistic Inquiry, 1977)- The  human  word-store is often referred to as the mental dictionary  or, perhaps more commonly, as the  mental  lexicon, to use the Greek word for dictionary. There is, however, relatively little similarity between the words in our minds and the words in book dictionaries, even though the information will sometimes overlap. . . .[E]ven if the mental lexicon turns out to be partially organised in terms of initial sounds, the order will certainly not be straightforwardly alphabetical. Other aspects of the words sound structure, such as its ending, its stress pattern and the stressed vowel, are all likely to play a role in the arrangement of words in the mind.Furthermore, consider a speech error such as The inhabitants of the car were unhurt. where the speaker presumably meant to say passengers rather than inhabitants. Such mistakes show that, unlike book  dictionaries, human  mental dictionaries  cannot be organized solely on the basis of sounds or spelling. Meaning must be taken into consideration as well, since humans fairly often confuse words with similar meanings, as in Please hand me the tin-opener when the speaker wants to crack a nut, so must have meant nut-crackers.(Jean Aitchison,  Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003) An Australians Mental LexiconEven with hard yakka, youve got Buckleys of understanding this dinkum English sentence, unless youre an Aussie.An Australian has no difficulty understanding the above sentence, while other English speakers might struggle. The words yakka, Buckleys, and dinkum are in the vocabulary of most Australians, that is, they are stored as entries in the mental lexicon, and therefore an Australian has access to the meanings of these words and can consequently comprehend the sentence. If one possessed no mental lexicon, communication through language would be precluded.(Marcus Taft, Reading and the Mental Lexicon. Psychology Press, 1991)

Applying People CMM to Your Organization-Part 1 Essay

Applying People CMM to Your Organization-Part 1 - Essay Example The company also recognized the need for a continuous improvement culture in order to sustain the process. Because of that, Toyota selects the brightest and best workers within the organization, from all levels, and challenges them to use their proposals and creativity to experiment and learn. This is a challenge that puts the workers through a constant problem solving state, and encourages them to grow in their jobs. Every specialty, for example; engineering, accounting, sales, service, and human resources, are equipped with skills which the company refines to achieve customer satisfaction. This continuous improvement culture could use people CMM for the company to achieve its targets (Toyota, 2014). Continuous improvement means the company will always have changing aims to meet. There should be a system of ensuring these aims are met, and this is where the people CMM come in. It provides staged improvements through which the organization’s culture can be changed. People CMM is a model of change that focuses on improving workforce practices. It has five levels of maturity, and these act as guidance through change. If Toyota, for example, wants to change the culture of the organization to a continuous improvement focused, it will make use of the maturity levels to meet its targets. The model describes an evolutionary process through which companies go through to achieve quality and effectiveness. Maturity levels determine the characteristics of the organization. Toyota, for example, already established a continuous improvement culture which it has to maintain. It means that the company has passed the initial level, the managed level, and the defined level. The initial level is all about the inconsistency of the practices. Toyota has a consistent practice of identifying the best skills, and guiding them through problem solving activities to develop new ideas